Indoor air quality (IAQ) testing methods vary depending on the contaminants being measured. Here are some common methods used for assessing indoor air quality:

Air Sampling

• Carbon Dioxide (CO₂): Non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) sensors measure CO₂ levels, which are often used as an indicator of ventilation efficiency.
• Carbon Monoxide (CO): Electrochemical sensors can detect low levels of CO, a hazardous gas often released by combustion appliances.
• Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs): Gas chromatography or a portable photoionisation detector (PID) can be used to measure VOC levels in indoor air.
• Particulate Matter (PM): Laser particle counters or gravimetric sampling devices are used to detect the concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 in the air.

Surface Sampling

• Mould and Fungi: Surface swabs or tape lift samples can be taken from HVAC ducts, walls, or surfaces to identify the presence of mould or fungal growth.
• Dust Sampling: Collection of settled dust for allergen or contaminant analysis can provide insight into the long-term air quality and pollutant sources.

Active Monitoring

• Continuous IAQ Monitors: These can measure real-time levels of several pollutants, including VOCs, CO₂, humidity, temperature, and particulate matter. These devices are used in offices or homes for ongoing IAQ assessments.
• Air Quality Sensors: These small, portable devices can measure multiple air quality factors (e.g., VOCs, CO₂, temperature, humidity) and provide data for trend analysis.

Biological Contaminants Testing

• Bacteria and Viruses: Air or surface sampling can be performed to detect microbial contaminants. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and culture methods are used to identify specific microorganisms.